Window



H. BADRUTT Oct. 28, 1941.

WINDOW Filed Jan. 5, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 H. BADRUTT Oct. 28, 1941.

WINDOW Filed Jan. 3, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 H. BADRUTT WINDOW Filed Jan. 3, 1959 Oct. 28, 1941.

'5 Sheets-Sheet 3 H. BADRUTT Oct. 28, 1941.

WINDOW Filed Jan. 5, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 H. BADRUTT Oct. 28, 1941.

WINDOW Filed Jan. 3, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 7%44 f awwi Patented Oct. 28, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE 16 Claims.

The invention relates to improvements of a Windows of that type which have a fixed frame secured in the wall of the building and a swin frame, carrying the sliding sashes, horizontally pivoted therein, so it may swing around to bring the exterior of the glass upon the interior of the window, where it may be readily cleansed.

The objects of the improvements are:

First: to provide more effective means to seal the crevice between the two frames and to include therein also the sashes, so that stormwindows may be dispensed with;

Second: to combine the swingwindow with a sliding window in a manner 'that for an unrestricted opening in behalf of a thorough airing the open swingframe can be moved to the top of the fixed frame, where it is out of the way-and in a convenient position to attach a screen;

Third: to create means to decline the swin frame, screen side down, that is: bottom up and top down, to the exterior of the house while it is pushed to the top of the fixed frame, and to convert it together with the window shades into an awning, whereby in the course of its ascent the bottom end of the swingframe touches. continually the top of the fixed frame to effect a screen tight sealing while its rising reversed top end is to assume automatically a graduated awning decline, which purpose is to offer the operator any choice of shading between a near vertical and a horizontal position;

1 Fourth: to provide slide rails on the exterior of the window with boltless attachments, so the entire'swingframe may be safely pushed out of the house and declined and screen sealed, to gain a still better shelter against sun and wind;

Fifth: to provide the ascending or descending swingframe with a simple safety device whereby the former can be declined to the exterior side to any suitable degree but can not be turned back to the interior side further than the 'horizontal position and to counteract the huge leverages thereby formed, and possibly taken advantage of by playing children, with novel cushi'ons and sundry devices, and to make thewindowglass shatter proof by installing appropriate shock-absorbers for every sliding and swinging movement;

Sixth: to design the members of these improvements in a manner thatwill impart a distinctive decorative touch to the inside of the house and furnish means to use for any swingirameposition my easily adjustable, lockable and padlockable masterscreen.

To obtain the main objectives I contrived to hang the swingframe on novel trunnion s'truc-f tures to a separate balance system of' cords,

pulleys and weights of the fixed frame and provided vertical sliding grooves and turning recesses for the former in the fixed jambs and horizontal sliding grooves leading therefrom to the exterior end of the awning rai1s,whereupon the swingframe may be pushed and declined.

with its bottom end screen sealing the top of the fixed frame, either, with the cords remaining attachedto thetrunnion structures by means of ring bearings, or with the cords being detached by means of open letter U shaped trunnion. sliding sockets, in which latter case my foolproof automatic groove lock and release combination will prevent the empty weight actuated sliding sockets from shooting to the top of the fixed frame and the swingframe from Lfallingto the bottom of the window. Thepracticability and safety of my combination window isassured with my trunnion structures consisting each of a .trunnion and a prismatic stabilizer, set. in regard to each other and to the, swingframe in a certain geometrical relationship "which consequences are threefold;

First: assumed that the swingframe is turned screen side down, no turning clearance for the swingframe on the bottom of the fixed frame is necessary, resulting in an air tighter sealing joint of my hinged stops ina place where people sit around.

Second: for a graduated awningdecline only the exterior side of the stabilizers vertical sliding grooves has to be widened out while its unchanged interior side limits the swingframes rotary movements toward the interior side to a horizontal position.

Third: the swingframes decline upon the awning slide rails is accomplished independently of the top of the fixed frame in the stabilizers horizontal grooves by a mere slant parallel to the desired decline.

Furthermore to the groove facing bases of the prismatic stabilizersare secured my novel metal covered rubber cushions, and on top of them, if so desired, rubber coated rollers, to counteract the previoudy mentioned huge leverage presented by the ratio of half the swingframes and stabilizers length. I v

For the graduated awning decline two variations are offered.

The first is obtained by giving the exterior side of the vertical stabilizers groove a blank widening to allow the swingframe to bear and rub against the rubber coated interior top edge of the fixed frame while it is pushed up or down.

The second eliminates that rubber coated top edge by providing every point of that groove side with the precise turning clearance which together with the swingframes fulcrums, the sliding sockets or ring bearings, support the swingframe independently of the fixed frames top.

This latter feature is emphasized with the following:

If the interior top edge of the fixed frame is filed or sandpapered. the contact with the swingframe will be broken in proportion to the rubbed off material. The precise turning clearances have been found to form a compound curvature which I construct readily with my novel templet.

The members of my fool roof automatic groove lock and release combination are simple and robust but the r coordination is complex, the outstanding feature being my spring.

The lock consi ts of a two armed so ca l d alternate contacting spring and a coordinated four armed le er whose first arm is connected by the horizontally outward bound trunnion. rele sing the fourth arm from th g ip of the s ring and turning a third arm within acti g distance of a s ot u on the too of the weight actuated open sl ding so ket which latter action pushes the lever further out of the way and looks it. The returning trunnion reenters the raised open sliding sockets by means of a slant on its lower arm, thereby lowering it back by the height of that slot and connects the second arm and turns thereby the fourth armagain into the grip of the spring which by its own action gives an additional out of the way turn to the lever and locks it.

For my improved air sealing means the interior sides of the two frames are graduated into offsets or curvatures in compliance with the principle I call multi-angular draft deflection and fully covered with four large and ornamental self-locking hinged stops.

The construction of the window is illustrated with 28 drawings of whicht Fig. 1 is a perspective front view of the window without awning rails, with the hinged stops opened up, the swingframe with attached master screen almost fully raised to the top and the shades halfway drawn for awning purposes. It is to note that for the sake of simplicity the hinged stops as drawn in any of my drawings seal besides the crevice between the two frames only the top of the upper sash and three sides of the lower sash.

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the closed window showing withal no signs which distinguish it in this position from the ordinary house window.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the complete window with the hinged stops opened up, swingframe pushed out upon the awning rails, shades drawn and master screen attached, thereby exemplifying the decorative effect of all parts involved.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of my large hinged stops, indicating how air currents are deflected to each side of the crevice.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation view of the open window, the swingframe being declined upon the awning rails.

Fig. 6 is a side elevation view of the open window without the awning rails. The swingframe isshown in its greatest awning decline within the fixed frame and with broken lines in its top horizontal position.

Fig. '7 is a vertical section on the line l| in Fig. 16, of the jambs of the swingframe and its sash balance means with coiling chambers and cord conductors to prevent rolling around of the weights and disclocation of the cords from the pulleys when the swingframe is reversed.

The members holding the sashes in place are omitted.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged vertical transversial view of the pulleys and the top cord conductors.

Fig. 9 is a schematic showing of the eifect the location of the trunnions has in regard to the swingframe and the prismatic stabilizers.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary perspective View of a swingframe lamb and a full view of a trunnion structure. In my example the prismatic stabilizers carry each only two rollers and one opposite metal covered rubber cushion, the latter disposed on the slanted side.

Figs. 11 and 12 are a plan view and elevation of Fig. 10, respectively.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the metal covered rubber cushion.

Figs.-14 and 15 are vertical transversial sections of the two frames upon the lines 22 and 33 in Fig. 2, respectively.

Fig. 16 is a horizontal section of the two frames upon the line 4-4 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 17 is an elevation of the midsection of a fixed lamb and also shows in the circular turning recess the swingframes stabilizer the swingframe being turned vertical.

Fig. 18 is a sectional view of a fixed jamb upon the line 55 in Fig. 16, showing the construction of the curvatures of the exterior sides of the stabilizers grooves which give to the swingframe by way of the trunnion structures and trunnion grooves the graduated awning decline independent of the top of the fixed frame.

Fig. 19 is the templet which draws a section of that curvature like a compass draws a circle.

Fig. 20 is a fragmentary perspective view of the swingframe with awning shade suspension means and locks.

Fig. 21 is a detailed view of the awning shade locks.

Fig. 22 is a fragmentary perspective view of a fixed jamb and the boltless attachment of the awning rails.

Figs. 23 and 24 are an elevation and plan view, respectively, of my true sized groove lock and release combination with the corresponding sections of the fixed jamb and awning rail. To prevent overcrowding in Fig. 23 my spring is omitted and placed instead in Fig. 26 the look as drawn in Figs. 23 and 24 is not in equilibrium but under the springs influence and is referred to as the basic position.

Fig. 25 is an enlarged transversial view of the open trunnion sliding socket as used and modified by means of a slot in the lock and release combination.

Fig. 26 is an elevation of the so-called alternate contacting spring.

Fig. 2'7 is a transversial view of the radial butt end section of the trunnion which operates the lock and the push out of the way effect it exerts upon a possibly protruding lever arm.

Fig. 28 is a fragmentary perspective view of a Wooden fixed jamb and carries my suggestions as to how to reinforce it.

For a detailed description the numeral I designates the swingframe, 2 and 3, the lower and upper sashes, respectively; 4, the far sides of the swingframe jambs 5, supporting the weights 6, 1, are cords 8, 9 and pulleys H], H of the lowor and upper sash, respectively, l2, l3 and I4 are longitudinal parallel beadswsecured edge and center wise, respectively, upon side 4, providing a separate operating chamber for each sash weight, and which beads are covered fiush by member I5, bearingthe trunnion structure 26. To the interior and exterior sides of the thusassembled jambs 5 are secured members I6 and [-1 respectively, which overlap to the near side to hold the sashes 2 and 3 in combination with a middle bead. The trunnion structures 26 are mounted in sockets 30 disposed in the jambs 3| of the fixed frame 32. My first improvement relates to the sash balance means which restrain the weights from rolling around and the cords from slipping off the pulleys when the swingframe is reversed and are based upon the observation, that, if a non-rigid object is drawn through a narrow opening and-permitted to drop against it, its biggest part will coil up in front of that opening. To this end, and considering the fact that the sash weights travel only half the jambs length for a full sashopening, cord or chain conductors 241 and for the cords or chains of the lower and upper sash, respectively, in the form of short tubes or drilled blocks 25 are installed at the weight position of the closed lower sash 2 and at a sash length above the weight position of the closed upper sash 3, and similar conductors I8, I 9 for the lower and upper sashes 2 and 3, respectively, directly below the corresponding pulleys II), II and extended semi-peripherally in the form of channel irons 20 over the pulleys l0 and I l, respectively. Those conductors form between themselves thecoiling chambers 22 and 23 for the cords 8 and 9, respectively. The consequence of these gadgets being, if the swingframe is reversed, and bearing in mind that the sashes may assume any position, the following: the weights will fall toward the conductors 24 and 25 while the bigger parts of their cords 8 and 9 coil up in front'of them, the smaller parts, which have slipped through, will coil up in the coiling chambers 22 and23 in front of the conductors l8 and I9, and if still slacks should be left or created bywild manipulations, they will be prevented from slipping over the pulleys by the channel irons 20.

Pertaining to my second improvement, a more efiicient airsealing, the fixed frame 32 is offset on the interior side over the swingframe l (pref erably over an inch) and the crevice between the two frames is sealed with two vertical stops 33 and two horizontal stops 34 and 35 'for bottom and top, respectively, suspended on hinges :36 to the fixed frame 32; the vertical stops 33 join-7 ing diagonally the top stop 35 and. overlapping its bosses 31 and the bottom stop 34 joining diagofially the vertical stops 33 and overlapping their bosses 38, said stops 33 being locked themself with the gravity bolts 39; and all four stops extending over the interior sides of both frames I and 32 and covering partially thestiles and the top, and the stiles and the bottom of the sash frames 3 and 2.

The swing frame is laterally stabilized in the 5 middle of the fixed ja-mbs by the far sides of the prismatic stabilizers 28 and the vertical bases of their turning recesses 99, providing thereby a basis for a clearance between adjacent jamb faces to avoid scratching, and is inserted into 70 the fixed frame by means of the plug fitted slots This concludes the original swingwindow. and the following chapters describe how it is combined with a sliding window.v The mediums are 7 the trunnion structures and their sliding grooves.

The trunnion structures 26, Figs; 9, 10, 12 consist each of the trunnion 29 and a right parallellopiped 28, called the stabilizer, the latterhaving opposite sides attached to the bases of the trunnions 29 and the trunnion plate 2'! which is embedded and secured in the jambs 5.

It is further specified that the exterior sides of the stabilizers 2B, in view of the closed window, being aligned with the exterior sides of the J'ambs 5 and symmetrical to the latters horizontal axis and that the bases of the trunnions 29 being attached diametrically to the far side edges of the exterior side of the stabilizers 28. This answers the previously mentioned geometrical relationship of thethree. members: trunnion, stabilizer and swingframe.

Its threefold consequences are graphically explained inthe schematic showing Fig. 9, representing a transversial section of the swingframe jamb 5 with Z, w and 1' being the vertical length, the transversial width and the turning radius, respectively. It discloses that a near full rotation around A in one direction demands a clearance 0 only on one side which is expressed in the equation c=r Z, wherein the turning radius 7 is' according to the axiom of Pythagoras: Y=\/u7 /gZ consequently I c= /w /2Z 'Z, but that any rotation in any direction around the fictitional B would demand a clearance c on top and bottom.

Taking for instance a swingframe of 64" by 5" (the horizontal width is irrelevant) the clearance for B would be approximately or A centimeter which explains sufficiently the need of eliminating such a big crevice at the bottom and substituting therefore a twice as big crevice at the top where a possibly slight draft is even beneficial.

Thefourth improvement of the combination window is my metal covered rubber cushions 41 which are attached to the groove facing bases of the stabilizers 28 and partially neutralize the pressure a pull on the bottom end of the open swing frameexerts upon the stabilizers grooves by way of the huge leverage as presented by half of the swingframes length as arm of power and half of the stabilizers length as arm of resistance,

and also prevent the shattering of glass by any wild swinging movements.

These cushions 41 are fully illustrated in the perspective Fig. 13 and consist of rubber block 48 placed upon each of the stabilizers bases (in my drawings only one base has been so provided) and a steel plate 49. with flanges 50, set with its concave side on top of the rubber-block 48, the flanges 50 are proportioned to leave the rubberblock uncovered to a distance 5| which exceeds its maximum contraction, and the steelplate 49 is slidably connected to the stabilizer 28 with pins 52, fixed to the steelplate 49 at its inner side 53 and resting in sliding bores 55, extending through the rubber block and into the stabilizer further than the pins 52 by a margin exceeding the maximum contraction of the rubber block, and each pin 52 is secured to the stabilizer with the cotterpin- I62 locked screw 56, engaging cross-ways through the stabilizer 28 into a recess 51 of the pin 52, the exterior side of this recess abutts on screw 56 in normal conditionand the length of the recess 51 exceeds the combined length of the diameter of screw 56 and the maximum contraction of the rubber block 48. I

The shock absorbing capacity of thestabilizers 28 are increased further with cylindrical rubbercoated rollers 58 and 59 on top of each cushion plate 49 (in my drawings only one base has rollers).

The trunnions 29 are either mounted in rings or in open sliding sockets or journal bearings 30 and suspended by means of cords or chains 42 to pulleys and weights of the fixed frame. In my drawings sliding sockets are used, as illustrated in Fig. 25, which have the shape of the letter U placed upon one side, its lower arm 40 and upper arm 4| pointing to the exterior side of the window. It shall be noted that the stress bearing sides of the sliding sockets bores are only the top and bottom, the exterior side being nonexistent and the interior side is merely a structural necessity which is provided with a clearance l4l exceeding the maximum contraction of the cushion and roller on the interior side of the reversed stabilizer block 28 in order that a reckless operator may not shatter the glass while pulling the swingframe back from the awning slide rails.

The vertical grooves in the jambs 3| of the fixed frame, wherein the trunnion structures 26 slide, are shown perspe'ctively in Fig. 22. To begin from the near side, groove 44 for the stabilizer 28 has 3 sides; an interior side, an exterior side to which is assigned the numeral 19 and a slotted far side. However the latter side, which is a continuation of the vertical base of the stabilizers turning recess 99, is called groove 43, to emphasize its particular purpose. It is a slotted partition between groove 44 and the sliding sockets groove 45 and holds in that slot a short section of the trunnion 29. A distinction will be made in groove 43 between its near side and its slot because they have different functions. The sliding socket grooves contain shock absorbers I51 and I58 for bottom and top, respectively, which in turn is continued to the far side with groove 46 in which the abridged trunnion section I00, operating the automatic lock and release combination, slides.

The relation of the trunnion structures 26 with these grooves is summarized as follows: grooves 44 guide the stabilizer blocks 28; the trunnions 29 secured to the far side of this blocks extend through the slotted partitions, called grooves 43, into the sliding sockets 30, received by grooves 45 and emerging on the far side of these sockets with the abridged trunnion sections I00.

The functions of those grooves are manifold and vary under different stresses and are analyzed with the following: the sole purpose of grooves 44 and 45 are to guide the stabilizers and sliding sockets, respectively; of grooves 46: to provide merely a sliding space for the trunnion sections I; of grooves 43: the slots: to balance the swingframe laterally for rotary and sliding movements, the near side: to keep the gliding swingframe from falling out of the fixed frame, in which it is partially supported by the toward to the near side slanted bases of the stabilizers 28, which slants also tend to distribute a pressure upon a bigger area.

The other functionIhave assigned to the grooves is the graduated awning decline, screen side down, involving only a change of the exterior side 70 of groove 44, which is either provided with a uniform widening exceeding the biggest stabilizers turning clearance necessary therefore, or by giving each point of groove side the precise turning clearance which form necessarily a horizontally uniform and compound curvature, because the latter is created by a compound motion, of which a transversial right angular section is a compound curve which can be drawn readily by the marker of my templet 68, Fig. 19, which is designed on the basis of a geometrical analysis of Fig. 18 and represents an abridged transversial view of the swingframe I and its trunnion structure 26 wherein 69' is its length, 62 the center of the trunnion 29, 60 and 6| are, relative to the closed window, the height and transversial Width of the stabilizer 28, 66, the transversial width of the swing frame D, the marker, representing the stabilizers line of contact with groove side 10, which is defined without rollers by the inter-section of the top side and interior side, relative to the closed window, of the stabilizer 28; and With rollers, by those points on the periphery of the reversed interior top roller 59 which happen to be in the same level as its axis P, which condition is duplicated in my templet 68 with the lever arm I66 which is pivoted to the axis P, and has the marker D attached at rollers radius length I61 from the rollers axis P.

The curve is executed by the marker D by placing and moving the templet 68 upon the previously mentioned transversial section of the fixed jamb in such a manner that the trunnion axis 62 bearing side constitutes the bottom and the axis 62 remains constantly upon the groove axis 63 and the lever I66 being pointed horizontally to the exterior side, and the top side of the templet, representing the swingframes interior side 64, being tangent to the interior top edge 65 of the fixed frame.

By the combined action of this curvature and the lowered center of gravity of the reversed swingframe, screen side down, brought about by the falling sashweights, and the trunnion sup porting sliding sockets the swingframe is perfectly stabilized, 'yet those factors do not deter from pushing it up or down also in a horizontal position by exerting a slight pull upon its interior end. The curvature of groove side 10 will not embrace its whole length as a geometrical reflection of Fig. 18 readily will tell, but begins at a distance above its base in accordance with the maximum decline one wishes to give the swingframe.

Abnormal stresses exerted upon these grooves by the trunnion structure 26 are divided between the exterior side 10 of the stabilizers groove 44 outside said curvature, its interior side, that part of the exterior side of the slot in groove 43 lying opposite said curvature and the near side of the same groove and are brought about.

First: By a pull on the interior side of the declined swingframe, reacting upon the interior side of groove 44, and the exterior side 10 if the swingframe is not within said curvature, counteracted with my metal covered rubber cushions 41 and with the toward the near side slanted groove facing sides of the stabilizer blocks 28 distributing the pressure upon a bigger area and also reacting, if the swingframe is opposite said curvature, upon the exterior side of the slot in groove 43 by way of the trunnion 29 which pressure is determined by the difference of the half length of the swingframe and the aligned half length of the stabilizers side as arm of power and the radius connecting the fulcrum, the interior top edge of the stabilizer 28, with the axis of the trunnion 29 as arm of resistance and which can be counteracted with an increased length of that radius;

Second: By a one sided pull upon the interior side of the swingframe adding lateral stresses without leverages to the transversial ones .and are for the first: a pressure upon the near sides of grooves 43, also upon grooves 44, counteracted with heavier construction, and for the second: on the bottom and toparm, respectively, of the sliding sockets 30 and counteracted either with vertical clearances in the latters bores or withan increased length of the sockets arms 40 and M and the latters suspension to the balance means at their ends while the trunnion, 29 are. pivoted in the middle of the arms to create a favorable leverage (which is not done in my example) wherein half of the sockets armlength are thearms of power and their middle the fulcrum and arm of resistance. 1 V The swingframe is converted into an awning by pulling the shades H, see Fig. 20 and Fig. 21-, down at their bottom cross rod 13 to which are pivoted at its ends the scissor arms 16, forming in combination with the spring 15: clamps 14, which run in longitudinal grooves 12 of the swingirame jambs 5. The screen is attached to the swingframe by means of grooves I64.

The awning slide rails 11 are attached horizontally to. the exterior sides of the fixed jambs' 3I at a point which is contingent to the decline one wishes to give the swingframe upon the ends E of these rails. Capital E signifies the extreme axis position of trunnion 20 upon the rail 11, and, assumed that the interior bottom edge of the swingframe shall touch the interior top edge 65 of the fixed frame, is determined by the intersec- I03 four sides, including a topside I I0 and a bottom side I08, which abutt on the near side semi base, on the bottom side, on thefar side base and on thetop side of the trunnion 29. The exterior end of slideway I09 is terminated at E with a rubbercoated slant I I5 downwards, at an angle which will make the swingframe tangent to the top of the fixed frame, and that of groove I03 is closed at a trunnion radius length from E with a rubber block I I4.

In the fixed jambs 3I, uponthe level of the rails 11, horizontal recesses are cut to provide an exit for the trunnion structures 26 to those rails and a space for my automatic groove lock and release combination 18. The abridged sections III of the rails top sides I'I0 are extended into the fixed jambs 3I to receive the horizontally sliding trunnions. The bottom of rail 11 is also inserted into the fixed jamb by way of slideway I09, abutting and ending at the stabilizers vertical groove 44 and by way of the extended bottom section I08 of groove I03, which is widened to the far side to gain a hold I05 in the solidjamb 3| against any vertical movements and against horizontal movements to the far side, and is extended transversially across the recess I42 with the section I I8, supporting the lock 18, and being operatively aligned with the vertical groove 45 and by means of slot I02 with groove 46, and extended still further to the interior side with the member, called again section I08, which is on its far side secured to theicorresponding side of the fixed jamb with a vertical to the near side wedged block I01, securing the rail against any horizon,- tal;movem ents, and is on its interior side embedded; into'the solid'jamb for a hold I04 against movements in any directions. I

With the foregoing it is evident that therails 11 are. attached, securely without any bolts. Should they be desired, the rail plate I06 is provided'for on the jambs exterior sides.

To assist the operator to find the rail exit, clearances ,I I2 and H3 for bottom and top, respectively are provided on the interrupted edges of groove, 44, 43 and 45 and abridged section I II is proportioned transversely to align withv those clearances. I s My two variations of swingframe suspension arethe following:

f First: the trunnion structures 26 are suspended in ring, bearings to the cords 42 of the fixed frames balance means, and the swingframe is pushed upon the rails 11 with the cords remaining attached toit and being guided by. extra idler pulleys at-the vertical grooves exit andby aslot the, horizontal top groove side II0, That the cords 42 are long enough, a glance at Fig. 5 will prove., i

. Second: the trunnion structures 26 are suspended-to thecords 42 in open sliding sockets-30, Fig.. 25, and disengage when pushed upon the rails".

The automatic rQOVe lock and release combination 18 is installed upon rail section H8 in the recess I42, extending through the far side of the; fixed jamb and ,below section H8 and consists of the following four coordinated members: a'two armed letter V shaped alternate contacting? springs 13, a four armed lever 82, an open sliding socket 30, and the extreme radial trunnion section I00.' Spring 19 is bolted to rail sectionII8 with bolts I35-and I36 on the far side of recess I42 opposite slot I02, with its upper and lower arms I I9 and I20, respectively, joining in a- V shape, preferably to the interior side and continuing secured together in a form which is best fitted for an attachment to section I I8. The two springarms H9 and I20 are at their extreme ities bent toward each other and have three sided prismatic tips I34 and I33, respectively,'attached with their sides to the ends of the arms which connect upon the edge I32, the latter contacting, by way of lever arm 86, the lever 82, consisting of four horizontal tubular arms 83, 84, 85, 86, rigidly attached to the vertical axis 81, hinged between slot I02 and spring 19 to a bracket H1 at its top 89 and to the at its bottom 68,

The four arms are arranged at such angles to each other, and grouped with the other three lock members, that, if arm 84 abutts upon the far side interior corner H of slot I02 and having its exterior side running radial to lever axis 81; arm 83'to be uponthe same level to the exterior side o'fslot I02 at an angle from an imaginary plane, as defined by lever axis 81 and a line perpendicular to the latter and intersecting'the near ide corner to the exterior side of slot I02, which exceeds the turning angle imparted by spring 19 to lever 82 to the interior side by the clearance I39, and having its interior side running'radial to lever axis 81; arm 85 to reach upon the top-of the weight actuated open sliding socket to the interior side of slot I02, and having its exterior side running radial to lever axis 81; arm 86 to be approximately opposite slot I02 with the formers axis lying in the same imaginary hori-= rail section I I 8,

of the upper tip I34 to equal the tube radius of arm 86, and the difierence Z, Fig. 26, between side 95s vertical projection and that tube radius, being the distance spring 19 turns by its own action arm 86 to the exterior side, imparting thereby the turning angle I25, Fig, 24, to every lever arm, which results in the angular clearances I68 (cl) of arm 84 and I39 of arm 83 from slot I02. At that position lever 82 is locked in between the upper spring tip I 34 and the stop pin I40.

With such a construction and coordination of spring and lever, the operator pushes lever arm 86 past the contact of the lower spring arm I20 while pulling the swing frame back from the awning rails, thereby preventing any lever arm from re-entering and obstructing the vertical sliding grooves, while the still tense upper spring arm I2I imparts an additional out of the way turn. The transit of arm 86 across the spring contact I32 is illustrated With the phases K, L, M, N, O in Fig. 26. v

Fig. 27 explains the rather superfluous radial sectional shape of trunnion section I00, that is: if the upper spring arm should refuse to act and the-spring contact be inaccurately placed, the wedge action of trunnion section I00 would push a possibly protruding lever arm out of the way.

When the swingframe is pushed upon the awning rails, lever 82 is locked at the safe angle I69 (cl) from the horizontal sliding grooves at F with the weight actuated sliding slot 90 on top of the open sliding socket 80. Slant I28 of slot 90 begins at the intersection G of the latters top near edge with an imaginary plane, defined by lever axis 81 and a line which is perpendicular i to the latter and at an angle from another line, that intersects lever axis 81 and the extreme end of the interior side of arm 85 at the latters previously specified position, as the outward sliding trunnion turns that extreme end; and is aligned with the interior side of arms 85 corresponding position and is slanted downwards to the depth 9|, preferably at 45 to the exterior side until the vertical projection I29 of slant I28 is equal to the desired angular clearance I23 of arm 83 from the horizontal trunnion sliding groove I03 at F; and is given a bottom exceeding the width of arm 85 and concluded with a perpendicular exterior side.

It is to be noted that the weight actuated slant I28 would act upon lever arm 85 already when the latter-is tangent to slant I28, consequently with my specified slant position I gain a slight allowance for inaccurate workmanship which can be increased by moving the beginning of the slant I28. further toward the interior side. The drawback in operation will be a light jar to lever 82.

To permit the returning trunnion to -re -enterthe, raised sliding socket 80 the lowersocket arm 40, is slanteddownwards at its, end, the horizontal projection I3I of this slant I30 to exceed the depth 9| of slot 90 (see Figs. 25, 23,), and is to begin at a point which lies the distance equal to the allowance or clearance 92 to the exterior side of arms 40 intersection with an imaginary plane as defined by lever axis 81 and a radial line to the latters axis at a turning angle to the exterior side of arms 84 previously specified position which is equal to the combined turning angles, I22 plus I23, of lever 82, imparted by the outward sliding trunnion 29 and the weight actuated slot 90, wherein angle I22 is defined as: angle I26, the full turning angle, equals angle I25 plus angle I22 plus angle I23, therefore angle I22 equals angle I26 minus angle I25 minus angle I23, which is the full turning angle minus the spring and slot actuated angles. Also, angle I24 equals angle I22 plus angle I23.

There also exists a relationship between the diameter of spring contacting arm 86, the spring contact I32 and the weight actuated slot in a manner that the size of that diameter may not influence or may accelerate or may counteract the action of slot 90, which is expressed in the following rule: the angle as defined by the center of lever axis 87 and the intersection of circle I60, drawn from the center of lever axis 81 and intersecting the near side end of contacting edge I32, with lever arm 86 placed tangent to contacting edge. I32, must. be smaller than the angle formed by said center and by the intersections of the same circle with the interior side of lever 83, at the corresponding position, and with a radial line from the center of axis 8.1 to position F, (the end position where the outgoing trunnion pushes leverarm), to prevent any influence. Further de tails of this relationship are according to Fig. 24: a lever turn by the outgoing trunnion section I00, amounting to half that first intersection, will bring arm 86 against the springs 19 tension into position M, Fig. 26, and. the consecutive turn across said other half intersection will move arm 86, accelerated by the springs tension, tov position L and the interior side of arm 83 the angle 98, within the angle 91 from F where the slot action begins, yet arm 86 still remaining under the accelerating influence of spring I9.

Fig. 28- illustrates my suggestion as to how to build and assemble the fixed jambs 3| which are weakened by the vertical sliding grooves. The jambs 3I are divided each into 3 sections I43, I44, I45 and united as shown in Fig. 28, and the vertical steel grooves into an interior and exterior half, held together on top and bottom by the horizontal U rails I41 and I48, respectively, and at their far side by the vertical U rail I46, giving thereby ample protection against transversial stresses.

Having thus fully described my invention I claim:

1. In a window, a fixed frame, a frame pivotally connected to, said fixed frame, counterbalanced sliding sashes carried by said pivoted frame and stops hinged to said fixed frame and coacting with said pivoted frame and said sashes, said stops overlying on edge of the fixed frame, the openings between, the frames, an edge and sash guide bead of the pivoted frame and contacting said sashes, one of said stops being held in operative position by overlapping portions of others of said stops, said other stops being secured by bolts.

2'. In a window, including a fixed frame, a swingframe horizontally pivoted therein and sliding sashes in said swingframe, an arrangement of balance means for said sashes consistingv of weights, cords and; pulleys wherein two cord conuctors for. each cord in thev form of short tubes are attached, to, the casings containing said bal ance means and aligned with said cords, one of said cord conductors being secured for each of said cords of the upper sash at a-sash length above the weightposition of sai dclosed upper sash and for said cords of the lower sash at the weight position of said closed lower sash,- the second cord conductor being secured directly below each pulley and being extended by means of a channel iron peripheral to the top half of said pulley.

3. In a window as defined in claim 1, pivots for said pivoted frame arranged horizontally on said frame intermediate the top and bottom of same and with the center of said pivots aligned with a face of said frame.

4, Ina window as defined in claim 1, the jambs of the fixed frame having grooves to receive the pivots of the'pivoted frame, said fixed frame being provided with-counterbalance means secured to the pivots of the movable frame.

' 5.5m a window, a fixed frame, an inner frame slidably and pivotally mounted in said fixed frame and sashes carried by said inner frame, said inner frame being provided with stabilizer blocks and pivot mea'ns secured to said blocks, the jambs of said fixed frame being provided with grooves to receive said stabilizer blocks and said pivots, the grooves for the stabilizer blocks being enlarged at one end to permit turning and being enlarged at other points to permit a limited turning, the grooves for said pivots being coexi tensive with said stabilizer grooves and located in the base portion of said stabilizer grooves and of a size to slidable receive said pivots.

6. In a window as defined in claim 5, pivots for said pivoted frame arranged on said stabilizer blocks with the center of said pivots aligned with a face of said stabilizer blocks. I

'7. In a window as defined in claim 5, stabilizer blocks for said pivoted frame having secured to their groove facing side cushions which consist of a rubber block placed upon each of said sides and a flanged metal plate set with its concave side on top of said rubber block, its flanges being proportioned to leave said rubber block uncovered to a distance which exceeds the maximum contraction of said rubber block and said metal plate being slidably connected to said stabilizer block with pins fixed to said metal plate and resting in sliding bores extending through said rubber block and into said stabilizer block further than said pins by a margin exceeding the maximum contraction of said rubber block and each of said pins being secured to said stabilizer block with a cotterpin locked screw engaging crossways through said stabilizer block into a recess of said pin, the exterior side of said recess abutting on said screw in normal condition and the length of said recess exceeding the combined length of the diameter of said screw and the maximum contraction of said rubber block.

8. In a window as defined in claim 5, grooves in the jambs of the fixed frame for said stabilizer blocks which are enlarged at one end to permit turning and are given at other points a uniform widening to the exterior side which is equal to the turning radius of said stabilizer blocks to permit a limited turning.

9. In a window as defined in claim 5, grooves in the j ambs of the fixed frame for said stabilizer blocks which are enlarged at one end to permit turning and are enlarged at other points to permit a limited turning in a manner that their exterior sides constitute curvatures of which any section within the horizontal width of said stabilizer block is a congruent compound curve in which, relative to said reversed pivoted frame, s'cre'enside down,'every point is determined by the intersection of the exterior side and the bottom side of said stabilizer block and by the provision that one end of its extended interior side is a tangent to a circle drawn at the interiortop edge of said fix ed'frame with the radius equal to the transversialwidth'of the swingframe jamb.

10. In a window as defined by claim 5, the grooves in the jambs of said fixed frame to receive the stabilizer blocks and pivots having cushions provided on top and bottom with the exclusion of the'bottoms of said stabilizer grooves.

11. A window as defined in claim 5 in which grooved brackets are provided for the fixed jambs, the grooves of said brackets communicating with thegrooves in said jambs and the bottom section of said brackets being inserted in said jambs to a distance which passes said grooves provided to receive'said pivots, and being fastened to said 'jambs with angle irons secured to saidbrackets and the exterior sides of said jambs and with wedges connecting said brackets with the far sides of said jambs and said brackets being also embedded at points in said jambs.

12. A window as defined by claim 5 in which grooved brackets are provided for the fixed jambs, the grooves of said brackets communicating with the grooves in said jambs, the juncture of said grooves being provided with control means comprising a pivoted four armed lever coacting with spring means.

13. In a window as defined in claim 5, stabilizer blocks each having attached to the exterior groove facing side two rollers and the grooves in the jambs of the fixed frame for said stabilizer blocks being enlarged at one end to permit turning and being enlarged at other points to permit a limited turning in a manner that their exterior sides constitute curvatures of which any section within the horizontal width of said stabilizer blocks is a congruent compound curve in which, relative to said reversed pivoted frame, screen side down, every point is determined by the extreme end of a horizontal line beginning and reaching from the axis of the exterior top roller toward the exterior side a distance equal to the radius of said roller and by the provision that the exterior face of said pivoted frame is tangent to the interior top edge of said fixed frame.

14. A window as defined by claim 5, in which grooved brackets are provided for the fixed jambs, the grooves of said brackets communicating with the grooves in said jambs and said pivoted frame being pushed out upon said brackets together with its suspension means, the latter being guided by means of idler pulleys secured to the top exit sides of said fixed jambs.

15. A window as defined in claim 5, in which grooved brackets are provided for the fixed jambs, the grooves in said brackets communicating with the grooves in said jambs and supporting said pivoted frame on said stabilizers and pivots and being terminated at their exterior ends with slants at the angle of the desired pivoted frames decline and with cushioned stops on the parts which carry said stabilizers and said pivots, respectively, v

16. A window as defined by claim 5, in which grooved brackets are provided for the fixed jambs, the grooves of said brackets communicating with the grooves in said jambs, the juncture of said grooves being provided with an automatic lock and release combination comprising a pivoted four-armed lever co-acting with a two-armed V-shaped spring and with said pivot means of the inner frame including a slanted slot on top of a weight actuated sliding socket, said spring being secured in a recess of said jamb to the far side of the vertical axis of said lever, said two spring arms being bent at their extremities toward each other and having three-sided prismatic tips attached with their sides to the ends of said spring arms, the exterior side of one of said tips being vertical, said two tips contacting upon an edge which lies in a horizontal plane and is radial to said vertical lever axis and operatively aligned with one arm of said lever, said pivot means consisting of a trunnion secured to each of said stabilizer blocks and suspended in two-armed U- shaped counter balanced sliding sockets placed upon one side, its two arms pointing to the exterior of the window, the lower arm having a slant at its end and the upper arm having said slanted slot on its top to slidably receive one of said lever arms, a short radial section of said trunnion extending beyond the far side of said sliding socket to contact said lever, said lever consisting of four horizontal cylindrical arms rigidly attached at different angles and levels to said vertical axis pivoted at the far side of said jamb groove receiving said short radial section in a bracket secured in said recess, two of said arms being upon the level of said brackets trunnion groove and contacting said trunnion during its horizontal forward and reverse movement respectively, a third arm being upon the level of the top of said sliding socket and contacting said slot upon completion of said trunnion actuated lever turn of said forward movement to receive a short out-of-the-way turn in the same direction as said same lever turn and locking by means of said slot, a fourth arm having its axis at the level of said spring contacting edge and being tangent to said vertical spring tipside at the completion of said trunnion actuated lever turn of said reverse movement and receiving a short out-of-the way turn in the same direction as said same lever turn and locking by means of the slanted tip of the other reciprocating spring arm, said trunnion reentering said sliding socket via said slant.

HANS BADRUTT. 

